Vin de pays is a French French is a Romance language spoken as a first language by about 136 million people worldwide. Around 190 million people speak French as a second language, and an additional 200 million speak it as an acquired foreign language. French speaking communities are present in 57 countries and territories. Most native speakers of the language live in term meaning "country wine". Vins de pays are a step in the French wine classification which is above the table wine Table wine is a wine term which is used in two different meanings in different countries: to signify a wine style and as a quality level within wine classification (Vin de table) classification, but below the VDQS and Appellation d'origine contrôlée Appellation d’origine contrôlée , which translates as "controlled term of origin" is the French certification granted to certain French geographical indications for wines, cheeses, butters, and other agricultural products, all under the auspices of the government bureau Institut National des Appellations d'Origine (INAO) (AOC) classifications. Legislation on the Vin de pays terminology was created in 1973 and passed in 1979,[1] allowing producers to distinguish wines that were made using grape varieties or procedures other than those required by the AOC rules, without having to use the simple and commercially non-viable table wine classification. Unlike table wines, which are only indicated as being from France, Vin de pays carries a geographic designation of origin, the producers have to submit the wine for analysis and tasting, and the wines have to be made from certain varieties A "plant variety" is a legal term, following the UPOV Convention. Recognition of a cultivated plant as a "variety" provides its breeder with some legal protection, so-called plant breeders' rights, depending to some extent on the internal legislation of the signatory countries[citation needed]. In the USA this is the Plant or blends. Regulations regarding varieties and labelling practices are typically more lenient than the regulations for AOC wines.
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Taxonomy
There are three tiers of Vin de Pays: regional, departmental and local.[1]
There are six regional Vin de Pays, which cover large areas of France. The most voluminous contributor to this category of wines is Vin de Pays d'Oc, from the Languedoc-Roussillon Languedoc-Roussillon is one of the 26 regions of France. It comprises five departments, and borders the other French regions of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Rhône-Alpes, Auvergne, Midi-Pyrénées on the one side, and Spain, Andorra and the Mediterranean sea on the other side area in Mediterranean France. The second largest volume of Vin de Pays wines is produced as Vin de Pays du Jardin de France, a designation that applies to wines from the whole Loire Valley Loire Valley is known as the Garden of France and the Cradle of the French Language. It is also noteworthy for the quality of its architectural heritage, in its historic towns such as Amboise, Angers, Blois, Chinon, Nantes, Orléans, Saumur, and Tours, but in particular for its world-famous castles, such as the Châteaux d'Amboise, Château de. The other ones are: Vin de Pays du Comté Tolosan (south-west), Vin de Pays de Méditerranée (south-east, Provence and Corsica) and Vin de Pays des Comtés Rhodaniens (Rhone valley). Two further regional Vin de Pays designations, Vin de Pays de l'Atlantique (Bordeaux and Charentes (Cognac)) and Vin de Pays Vignobles de France (all of wine-making France) were approved by French authorities in 2007, but (together with Vin de Pays de Gaules for the Beaujolais region) remain disputed[2] and as of July 2009, they remained unpublished in the Official Journal of the European Union The Official Journal of the European Union is the gazette of record for the European Union. It has been published since the Treaty of Nice entered into force on 1 February 2003. It is published in each of the 23 official languages of the member states. Only legal acts published in the Official Journal are binding[3] due to actions taken by other French wine producers.
Each regional Vin de Pays is divided into several departmental Vins de Pays, of which there are about 50.[1] The names are derived from the French departments The departments of France and many of its former colonies are administrative divisions. The 100 French departments are grouped into 22 metropolitan and four overseas regions, all of which have identical legal status as integral parts of France. The departments are subdivided into 342 arrondissements, which in turn, are divided into cantons. Each in question and the limits exactly the same than the department's borders. For example, Vin de Pays du Gard is one of the Vins de Pays produced within Vins de Pays d'Oc using grapes from the Gard Gard is a département located in southern France in the Languedoc-Roussillon region. It is named after the river Gardon (or Gard) department and the Vin de Pays de Charente-maritime is produced in the Cognac Cognac is a commune in the French département of Charente, of which it is a sub-prefecture. The inhabitants of the town are known as Cognaçais area. Approximately one third of the French departments don't produce Vin de Pays, for example Côte d'Or in Burgundy and Gironde in Bordeaux, or because the climate is not suited to produce wine at all, like the Bretagne, Normandy and Nord-Pas de Calais regions.
The local, or zone-defined Vin de pays are numerous, and may take its name from some historical or geographical phenomenon, such as Vin de Pays des Marches de Bretagne or Vin de Pays des Coteaux de l'Ardeche, or even a more locally specific variant.[1] The boundaries of a zone may reflect a consistent terroir, rather than an administrative convenience, and could potentially in the long run achieve the status of an AOC.[4]
Production rules
The conditions to respect to be allowed to use the classification Vin de pays are the following:
- The yield must be less less than 90 hectoliters per hectare The hectare is a unit of area, defined as 10,000 square metres, and primarily used in the measurement of land. In 1795, when the metric system was introduced, the are was defined as being 100 square metres and the hectare was thus 100 ares or 1/100 km2. When the metric system was rationalised in 1960 with the introduction of the International for white wines, and less than 85 hl for red and rosé wines.
- Only wine producers with a total yield of less than 100 hl/ha can qualify.
- The minimum alcoholic strength depends on the region and is 10% in Le Midi Southern France , colloquially known as le Midi is a loosely defined geographical area consisting of the regions of France that border the Atlantic Ocean south of the Gironde, Spain, the Mediterranean, Italy, and Switzerland south of the Jura Mountains. Le Midi includes, 9.5% in South-west France South West France or in French Sud-Ouest, is a wine region in France covering several wine-producing areas situated respectively inland from, and south of, the wine region of Bordeaux. These areas, which have a total of 16,000 hectares of vineyards, consist of several discontinuous wine "islands" throughout the Aquitaine region (where area and the Centre East area, and 9% for the Loire Valley The Loire Valley wine region includes the French wine regions situated along the Loire River from the Muscadet region near the city of Nantes on the Atlantic coast to the region of Sancerre and Pouilly-Fumé just southeast of the city of Orléans in north central France. In between are the regions of Anjou, Saumur, Bourgueil, Chinon, and Vouvray and the East area.
- The allowed amount of sulfur dioxide Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO2. It is produced by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide. Further oxidation of SO2, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO2, forms H2SO4, and thus acid rain. This is one allowed in the wines are 125 mg/l for red wines and 150 mg/l for white and rosé wines. For wines with sugar content of at least 5 g/l, the quantity of sulfur dioxide is slightly higher: 150 mg/l for red wines and 175 mg/l for white and rosé wines.
- The acidity in terms of pH values are also regulated, with some Vin de Pays areas having stricter rules than other.
- The wines must be kept and produced separately from other wines (e.g., production for table wines Table wine is a wine term which is used in two different meanings in different countries: to signify a wine style and as a quality level within wine classification) and are subject to quality monitoring by an official regional committee.
Economic effects
In terms of volume, Vins de Pays d'Oc and Vins de Pays du Jardin de France are responsible for the majority of French exports.
Originally, Vin de Pays designation was commonly viewed as inferior to an AOC Appellation, often being ascribed to thin and simple wines. However, since the late 1980s, an increase in demand for varietal wines has led some French producers and cooperatives to produce more Vin de Pays, especially Vin de Pays d'Oc, to make varietal wines with some form of designation, while turning away from the highly restrictive AOC classification which often requires very specific blends of grape varieties.
This can be seen as a response to the increasing sales success of varietal New World wines New World wines are those wines produced outside the traditional wine-growing areas of Europe, in particular from Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa and the United States from Australia For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of the roughly 250 language groups. After sporadic visits by fishermen from the immediate north and discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by the British, New Zealand New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses , and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands. The indigenous Māori language name for New Zealand is Aotearoa, commonly translated as The Land of the Long White Cloud. The Realm of New Zealand also, the United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language, South Africa Coordinates: 29°02′46″S 25°03′47″E / 29.046°S 25.063°E The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of Africa, with a 2,798 kilometres coastline on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. To the north lie Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an independent and Chile Chile (traditional English pronunciation /ˈtʃɪli/, also pronounced /ˈtʃiːleɪ/ ), officially the Republic of Chile (Spanish: República de Chile [reˈpuβlika ðe ˈtʃile] ( listen)), is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders. As well as varietal wines (such as Cabernet Sauvignon Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties. It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Canada's Okanagan Valley to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley. Cabernet Sauvignon became internationally recognized through its prominence in Bordeaux wines where it is or Merlot Merlot is a red wine grape that is used as both a blending grape and for varietal wines. The name Merlot is thought to derive from the Old French word for young blackbird, merlot, a diminutive of merle, the blackbird , probably from the color of the grape. Merlot-based wines usually have medium body with hints of berry, plum, and currant. Its), Vin de Pays is being used to produce non-traditional blends which do not meet the requirements of AOC or VDQS regulations. Some of these wines are considered much better, and command higher prices, than AOC or VDQS wines from the same region, or even the same winemakers.
See also
- Indicazione Geografica Tipica Indicazione geografica tipica is the second of four classifications of wine recognized by the government of Italy. Created to recognize the unusually high quality of the class of wines known as Super Tuscans, IGT wines are labeled with the locality of their creation, but do not meet the requirements of the stricter DOC or DOCG designations, which of Italy
- Vino de la Tierra of Spain,
- Vinho Regional of Portugal
- Landwein of Germany
References
- ^ a b c d winepros.com.au. Oxford Companion to Wine. "vin de pays". http://www.winepros.com.au/jsp/cda/reference/oxford_entry.jsp?entry_id=3439.
- ^ France's three new regional Vins de Pays attacked, Jancisrobinson.com, August 24, 2007
- ^ List of names of geographical units smaller than the Member State as referred to in Article 51(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1493/1999 (table wines with geographical indication), list reflecting the situation as of July 31, 2009, published August 8, 2009
- ^ morethanorganic.com AOC Classifications
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Categories: French wine | Wine classification
