In philosophy Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It is distinguished from other ways of addressing fundamental questions by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument. The word "philosophy" comes from the and systems theory Systems theory is a transdisciplinary approach, which abstracts and considers a system as a set of independent and interacting parts. The main goal is to study general principles of system functioning to be applied for the all types of systems in all fields of research. As a technical and general academic area of study it predominantly refers to, basic processes, or logical homologies as they were termed by Ludwig von Bertalanffy Karl Ludwig von Bertalanffy was an Austrian-born biologist known as one of the founders of general systems theory. Von Bertalanffy grew up in Austria and subsequently worked in Vienna, London, Canada and the USA, are unifying principles which operate in many different systemic contexts. For example, feedback Feedback describes the situation when output from an event or phenomenon in the past will influence an occurrence or occurrences of the same (i.e. same defined) event / phenomenon (or the continuation / development of the original phenomenon) in the present or future. When an event is part of a chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit or is a principle that figures prominently in the science of cybernetics Cybernetics is the interdisciplinary study of the structure of regulatory systems. Cybernetics is closely related to control theory and systems theory. Both in its origins and in its evolution in the second-half of the 20th century, cybernetics is equally applicable to physical and social systems. Natural and industrial processes utilize basic processes such as feedback.
There is a philosophical system known as process philosophy, created by Alfred North Whitehead Alfred North Whitehead, OM was an English mathematician who became a philosopher. He wrote on algebra, logic, foundations of mathematics, philosophy of science, physics, metaphysics, and education. He co-authored the epochal Principia Mathematica with Bertrand Russell; related to this is process theology Process theology is a school of thought influenced by the metaphysical process philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead . While there are process theologies that are similar, but unrelated to the work of Whitehead (such as Pierre Teilhard de Chardin) the term is generally applied to the Whiteheadian school. Process theology is unrelated to the Process.
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History
The philosopher who is best identified as the originator of process philosophy is Heraclitus Heraclitus of Ephesus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, a native of the Greek city Ephesus, Ionia, on the coast of Asia Minor. He was of distinguished parentage. Little is known about his early life and education, but he regarded himself as self-taught and a pioneer of wisdom. From the lonely life he led, and still more from the riddling.
Books
- Rescher N. (2000) Process Philosophy- A Survey of Basic Issues. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh.
- Whitehead A.N. (1985, first published 1929) Process and Reality. The Free Press, NY.
References
- Ludwig von Bertalanffy Karl Ludwig von Bertalanffy was an Austrian-born biologist known as one of the founders of general systems theory. Von Bertalanffy grew up in Austria and subsequently worked in Vienna, London, Canada and the USA, General System Theory, George Braziller, New York, 1968 1968 was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) in the Gregorian calendar. In the west, the year is associated with the protests of 1968, pages 84,85 ISBN 0-8076-0453-4
External links
- Article defining process in the Principia Cybernetica Web
- A Wiki community for collecting Best Practices and process improvement ideas
Categories: Philosophical terminology
