In phonetics, labiodentals are consonants articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth. The labiodental consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet are:
| IPA | Description | Example | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language | Orthography | IPA | Meaning | ||
| p̪ | voiceless labiodental plosive | ||||
| b̪ | voiced labiodental plosive | ||||
| p̪͡f | voiceless labiodental affricate | Tsonga | N/A | [tiɱp̪͡fuβu] | 'hippos' |
| b̪͡v | voiced labiodental affricate | Tsonga | N/A | [ʃileb̪͡vu] | 'chin' |
| labiodental nasal | English | symphony | [ˈsɪɱfəni] | 'symphony' | |
| voiceless labiodental fricative | English | fan | [fæn] | 'fan' | |
| voiced labiodental fricative | English | van | [væn] | 'van' | |
| labiodental approximant | Dutch | wang | [ʋɑŋ] | 'cheek' | |
| labiodental flap | Mono | vwa | [ѵa] | 'send' | |
The IPA symbol ɧ refers to a sound occurring in Swedish, officially described as similar to the velar fricative [x], but one dialectal variant is a rounded, velarized labiodental, less ambiguously rendered as [fˠʷ].
Occurrence
The only common labiodental sounds to occur phonemically are the fricatives and the approximant. With most other manners of articulation, the norm are bilabial consonants (which together with labiodentals, form the class of labial consonants).
[ɱ] is quite common, but in all or nearly all languages in which it occurs, it occurs only as an allophone of /m/ before labiodental consonants such as /v/ and /f/. It has been reported to occur phonemically in a dialect of Teke, but similar claims in the past have proven spurious.
The XiNkuna dialect of Tsonga features a pair of affricates as phonemes. In some other languages, such as Xhosa, affricates may occur as allophones of the fricatives. Please note these differ from the German bilabial-labiodental affricate <pf> which commences with a bilabial p. All these affricates are rare sounds.
The plosives are not confirmed to exist as separate phonemes in any language. They are sometimes written as ȹ ȸ (qp and db ligatures). They may also be found in children's speech or as speech impediments[citation needed].
See also
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Categories: Labial consonants
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trill r and alveolar approximant The symbol for the alveolar lateral flap is the basis for the expected though not officially recognized symbol for the retroflex lateral flap Non rhotic flaps are much less common They may include a bilabial flap in Banda and a labiodental flap in Margi Kera et al which may be allophones of a single
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Mon, 28 Apr 2008 12:33:42 GM
After the first century A.D. this semi-vowel began to develop into the . labiodental consonant. "v", the intermediate stage being a labial "v", such as one may often hear in South Germany at the present day, and which to ordinary ears ...
